Establishing a framework for protecting poor households through tariff and subsidy design, in the context of increasing costs, is the primary focus of this study, as it is these measures that will have the greatest impact on poor households. (Palmer Development Group, 2010)

The main purpose of the strategy and implementation plan is to direct the way that energy is supplied and used within the Gauteng province during the next 5 years (2015); 15 years (2025); 45 years (2055) and beyond, in an integrated and comprehensive manner. (Sustainable Energy Africa for Gauteng Provincial Govt., 2009)

This paper highlights the injustices of energy service provision in South Africa currently, and critiques the current policy and programmes in place to address energy service provision for the poor. (CURES, Restio Energy, 2009)

This is energy use report for three Gauteng municipalities; Ekurhuleni (EMM), Johannesburg (CoJ) and Tshwane (CTMM). The data report looks at the municipalities’ energy use and then from this, devises strategies to substantially revise energy use in all sectors to be more sustainable in the years to come (ERC and EnerKey,2008).

This paper by Marquard, Bekker, Eberhard, Gaunt documents the electrification programme and provides a critical reflection of the programme as well as the social and economic impacts. (Marquard et. al, 2007)

Free Basic Alternative Energy was introduced by government in 2007 in recognition that not all households would be electrified. The objective was to support indigent households by providing them with a stipulated value / amount of alternative fuels deemed appropriate by the relevant local municipality. (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2007)

This policy was introduced in 2003 to enable poor households to afford the use of electricity. It allows indigent households 50 kWh of free electricity per month in order to meet basic energy needs. (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2003)